Children

"This register based study shows increasing memory problems and/or cognitive impairment in children aged 5-19 years in Norway and Sweden. The increase is most dramatic during recent years. One etiological factor may be the increasing exposure to microwave RF radiation, that in several human and animal laboratory studies has been associated with impairment of memory and cognitive functions. Certainly these trends are of major concern. The public and the public health institutions should pay attention to this emerging health issue and implement protective measures."

"Even after adjusting for low birth weight, we found that higher levels of radiation were associated with poorer outcomes for cognitive domains of development such as problem solving, and personal-social areas. Thus, there is a need to monitor the neuro-development of children in whom the RF-EMF radiations are expected to be higher (such as very close to cell phone towers, too many gadgets in the house)."

"In this case study we present an eight year boy who developed severe headache, but also some fatigue and dizziness at school after the implementation of 5G base stations close to the school. The RF radiation varied at the schoolyard between 83,332 and 267,536 μW/m2 and in the classroom including corridor between 2,560 and 76,590 μW/m2. Considerably lower levels were found in the home varying from 25 to 1,040 μW/m2. Protective clothes had a preventive effect on his symptoms. This case study is another example of the immediate need to halt the expansion of 5G and dismantle existing base stations."

"It can be assumed that more children at this school and other schools with 5G antennas in close proximity also suffer from symptoms caused by the increased RF-radiation from 5G. Children are generally more sensitive than adults to harmful environmental factors."

"Our results show an age depending effect of 24 hours of EMR emitted from GSM phone relay antenna on oxidative stress status, antioxidant enzymes level, activity and expression in female neonate rats."

"These complications in addition to the imbalance between the ROS production and the antioxidant defense may lead finally to several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and others in these neonates."

"Chronic cell phone exposure from birth to the end of adolescence causes neuronal damage and volume reduction in the developing hippocampus."

"Considering the data obtained from this study, it can be stated that the EMF of the cell phones affects the hippocampus differently depending on exposure time, EMF intensity, and age. Cell phones are used more widely by children and adolescents throughout the world, and this indicates that they are more exposed to the EMFs emitted by cell phones than adults. EMF exposure during these periods is a great matter of concern because the biologic and maturation processes of the brain are particularly vulnerable during growth."

"Our aim in this study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of 900 MHz EMF applied in adolescence on the rat liver. Our analyses revealed that EMF caused pathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue. These findings are important in showing the effects of cell phone use in adolescence on the liver."

"Based on results of present study it is concluded that, mobile phone radiation affected the testicular structure and function via the degeneration of germ cells and Leydig cells. Moreover, it caused apoptosis of testicular cells and induced down regulation of PCNA at the immunohistochemical level confirmed by DNA damage at the molecular level. This onset may lead to infertility like condition due to RFR-exposure."

"In summary, prenatal and early-life exposure of male mice to pulsed 1,846 MHz RF fields simulating LTE downlink signals at a whole-body averaged SAR of 0.5 or 1 W/kg resulted in consistent and long-lasting changes in drinking and eating behavior, as well as locomotor and rest behaviors. Further work is required to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for these observations."

"From our study, it has been found that mobile tower radiation is the primary reason for the five diseases such as bone weakness, headaches, rheumatic pain, sleep disorders and hearing problems found in children. It is also noticed that 10 to 15 age group is more affected. The reason may be long term exposure since all the towers examined were installed at least ten years back. Another inference is that boys are more affected than girls. The reason should be medically examined. The exposure levels are found to be within the limits prescribed by ICNIRP and they conform to Indian Standards. But even then the exposure is found to be hazards to children. So the current exposure standards need to be modified."

"Exposure to EMR induced significant changes in amino acid neurotransmitters in the studied brain areas of juvenile and young adult rats, being more prominent in juvenile animals. It could be concluded that the alterations in amino acid neurotransmitters induced by EMR exposure of juvenile and young adult rats may underlie many of the neurological effects reported after EMR exposure including cognitive and memory impairment and sleep disorders. Some of these effects may persist for some time after stopping exposure."

"In summary, EMI caused by mobile phones can cause metabolic disorders of brain neurotransmitters in mice during growth and development period. Therefore, we suggest that children and adolescents in the growth and development period should be more cautious about using mobile phones, and should not use it for long period."

"In conclusion, our study results suggest that continuous exposure to a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h a day through all stages of adolescence can result in impairments at both morphological and biochemical levels in the lumbar region spinal cords of Sprague Dawley rats."

"Our results indicate that oxidative stress-related morphological damage and pyramidal neuron loss may be observed in the rat hippocampus following exposure to 900-MHz EMF throughout the adolescent period."

"Histological and immunohistochemical examinations between the experimental and control groups showed that exposure to 2.45 GHz EMR for 2 h per day does not interfere with the development of teeth and surrounding tissues. However, there were alterations in the elemental composition of the teeth, especially affecting such oxidative stress-related elements as copper, zinc, and iron, suggesting that short-term exposure to Wi-Fi-induced EMR may cause an imbalance in the oxidative stress condition in the teeth of growing rats."

"This study demonstrated that neurodegeneration in rat hippocampus could be due to chronic postnatal exposure to electromagnetic fields. It is recommended to limit the use of mobile phones, especially at a young age."

"We noted that the use of MPs by children was significantly and positively associated with headaches/migraines and skin itches by an elevated risk of 42% and 84%, respectively. A wide range of subjective symptoms has been attributed to exposure to various sources of RF-EMF both at home and at work. Some individuals reported that they suffered a variety of complaints, including headaches and migraines, fatigue, skin itches, and sensations of warmth. Our study is consistent with findings in some previous studies."

"The relative brain weight of young rats was greatly affected, and histopathological examination reinforced the neuronal damage. The study highlights the detrimental effects of mobile phone radiations on brain during young and adult ages. The interaction of these radiations with brain is via dissipating its antioxidant status and/or triggering apoptotic cell death."

"In conclusion, Wi-Fi- and mobile phone-induced EMR caused oxidative damage by increasing the extent of lipid peroxidation and the iron level, while decreasing total antioxidant status, copper, and GSH values. Wi-Fi- and mobile phone-induced EMR may cause precocious puberty and oxidative kidney and testis injury in growing rats."

"Results of this study indicated that the exposure of newly born mice to RF-EMF emitted from mobile phone caused some alterations in plasma protein pattern which may lead to functional disorders. In addition, many histological and histochemical changes in the eye as well as increase of amylodosis feature with apoptotic and necrotic effects in the eye. These effects were permanent after the end of exposure and there is no complete recovery from the damage produced by RF-EMF on the studied plasma protein and eye."

"This study noted a significantly increased risk of all neoplasms in children with higher-than-median RF exposure to MPBS [mobile phone base stations]."

"Results of this study reveal that chronic exposure of rat to microwave radiation alter the activity of certain enzymes. There was a significant increase in calcium ion efflux and the activity of ODC [ornithine decarboxylase]. On the other hand, there is a significant decrease in PKC [protein kinase C] activity. Since these enzymes are related to growth, any alteration may lead to affect functioning of the brain and its development."